What Are Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) Tears?
The Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) is a critical structure located on the pinky side of the wrist. It consists of cartilage and ligaments that stabilize the wrist joint, absorb shock, and facilitate smooth movement. A triangular fibrocartilage tear can significantly impact wrist function, leading to pain, weakness, and limited mobility.
Symptoms of a TFCC Tear
Individuals with a TFCC tear may experience:
- Pain on the pinky side of the wrist, particularly with movement or when bearing weight on the hand.
- Tenderness in the affected area.
- Weakness in the wrist, making it difficult to grip or carry objects.
- Clicking, crunching, or popping sounds when moving the wrist.
- Swelling in some cases, particularly if the tear is due to an acute injury.
Causes of TFCC Tears
TFCC tears can occur due to trauma, repetitive motion, or age-related degeneration. Common causes include:
- Falling on an outstretched hand (FOOSH injury) – This is one of the most frequent causes, as the impact can overstretch or tear the cartilage and ligaments.
- Racquet sports (such as tennis and badminton) – The repetitive motion of swinging can put excessive strain on the TFCC.
- Bat sports (like baseball and cricket) – Similar to racquet sports, gripping and swinging motions can contribute to wear and tear.
- Gymnastics and weight-bearing activities – Movements that involve supporting body weight on the hands, such as handstands or parallel bars, can increase the risk of injury.
- Age-related degeneration – As people age, cartilage naturally wears down, making the TFCC more susceptible to tears.
Due to the essential role the TFCC plays in wrist function, TFCC injuries should be evaluated by an orthopedic hand specialist, like Dr. Donnelly, to determine the best course of treatment.
How Are TFCC Tears Treated?
Treatment for a TFCC tear depends on the severity of the injury. In most cases, nonsurgical options are the first line of treatment and can effectively relieve symptoms and promote healing.
Nonsurgical Treatments
- Bracing, splinting, or casting – Immobilizing the wrist allows the TFCC to heal by reducing strain and preventing further damage.
- Hand therapy – A structured rehabilitation program that includes stretching and strengthening exercises can help restore wrist function and improve stability.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) – Over-the-counter or prescription medications such as ibuprofen or naproxen help reduce pain and inflammation.
- Corticosteroid injections – In cases of persistent pain, a steroid injection into the wrist joint can help reduce inflammation and improve symptoms.
Surgical Treatment
If nonsurgical treatments fail or if the tear is large and causing significant dysfunction, surgery may be required.
- Arthroscopic TFCC repair – An arthroscopic repair is a minimally invasive procedure uses a small camera and specialized tools to locate the tear, trim damaged cartilage, and repair torn ligaments when possible.
- Post-surgical recovery – Patients typically wear a splint or cast for a few weeks, followed by physical therapy to restore movement and strength.
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a successful recovery and long-term wrist stability. If you suspect a TFCC tear, seeking prompt medical attention can help prevent further complications and ensure optimal healing.